Introduction to Networks v6 Course Booklet

<p><strong>Chapter 0 </strong>Course Introduction 1</p> <p>0.0 Welcome to Introduction to Networks 1</p> <p>0.0.1 Message to the Student 1</p> <p>0.0.1.1 Welcome 1</p> <p>0.0.1.2 A Global Community 1</p> <p>0.0.1.3 More Than Just Information 1</p> <p>0.0.1.4 How We Teach 2</p> <p>0.0.1.5 Practice Leads to Mastery 2</p> <p>0.0.1.6 Mind Wide Open 2</p> <p>0.0.1.7 Engineering Journals 2</p> <p>0.0.1.8 Explore the World of Networking 2</p> <p>0.0.1.9 Create Your Own Worlds 3</p> <p>0.0.1.10 How Packet Tracer Helps Master Concepts 3</p> <p>0.0.1.11 Course Overview 3</p> <p><strong>Chapter 1</strong> Explore the Network 5</p> <p>1.0 Introduction 5</p> <p>1.0.1.1 Exploring the Network 5</p> <p>1.0.1.2 Class Activity - Draw Your Concept of the Internet 5</p> <p>1.1 Globally Connected 6</p> <p>1.1.1 Networking Today 6</p> <p>1.1.1.1 Networks in Our Daily Lives 6</p> <p>1.1.1.2 Technology Then and Now 6</p> <p>1.1.1.3 No Boundaries 6</p> <p>1.1.1.4 Networks Support the Way We Learn 7</p> <p>1.1.1.5 Networks Support the Way We Communicate 7</p> <p>1.1.1.6 Networks Support the Way We Work 8</p> <p>1.1.1.7 Networks Support the Way We Play 8</p> <p>1.1.1.8 Lab - Researching Network Collaboration Tools 8</p> <p>1.1.2 Providing Resources in a Network 9</p> <p>1.1.2.1 Networks of Many Sizes 9</p> <p>1.1.2.2 Clients and Servers 9</p> <p>1.1.2.3 Peer-to-Peer 9</p> <p>1.2 LANs, WANs, and the Internet 10</p> <p>1.2.1 Network Components 10</p> <p>1.2.1.1 Overview of Network Components 10</p> <p>1.2.1.2 End Devices 10</p> <p>1.2.1.3 Intermediary Network Devices 10</p> <p>1.2.1.4 Network Media 11</p> <p>1.2.1.5 Network Representations 11</p> <p>1.2.1.6 Topology Diagrams 11</p> <p>1.2.1.7 Activity - Network Component Representations and Functions 12</p> <p>1.2.2 LANs and WANs 12</p> <p>1.2.2.1 Types of Networks 12</p> <p>1.2.2.2 Local Area Networks 12</p> <p>1.2.2.3 Wide Area Networks 13</p> <p>1.2.3 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets 13</p> <p>1.2.3.1 The Internet 13</p> <p>1.2.3.2 Intranets and Extranets 13</p> <p>1.2.4 Internet Connections 14</p> <p>1.2.4.1 Internet Access Technologies 14</p> <p>1.2.4.2 Home and Small Office Internet Connections 14</p> <p>1.2.4.3 Businesses Internet Connections 15</p> <p>1.2.4.4 Packet Tracer - Help and Navigation Tips 15</p> <p>1.2.4.5 Packet Tracer - Network Representation 15</p> <p>1.3 The Network as a Platform 16</p> <p>1.3.1 Converged Networks 16</p> <p>1.3.1.1 Traditional Separate Networks 16</p> <p>1.3.1.2 The Converging Network 16</p> <p>1.3.1.3 Lab — Researching Converged Network Services 16</p> <p>1.3.2 Reliable Network 16</p> <p>1.3.2.1 Network Architecture 16</p> <p>1.3.2.2 Fault Tolerance 17</p> <p>1.3.2.3 Scalability 17</p> <p>1.3.2.4 Quality of Service 17</p> <p>1.3.2.5 Security 18</p> <p>1.3.2.6 Activity - Reliable Networks 18</p> <p>1.4 The Changing Network Environment 18</p> <p>1.4.1 Network Trends 18</p> <p>1.4.1.1 New Trends 18</p> <p>1.4.1.2 Bring Your Own Device 19</p> <p>1.4.1.3 Online Collaboration 19</p> <p>1.4.1.4 Video Communication 19</p> <p>1.4.1.5 Cloud Computing 20</p> <p>1.4.2 Networking Technologies for the Home 20</p> <p>1.4.2.1 Technology Trends in the Home 20</p> <p>1.4.2.2 Powerline Networking 20</p> <p>1.4.2.3 Wireless Broadband 21</p> <p>1.4.3 Network Security 21</p> <p>1.4.3.1 Security Threats 21</p> <p>1.4.3.2 Security Solutions 22</p> <p>1.4.3.3 Activity - Network Security Terminology 23</p> <p>1.4.4 Network Architecture 23</p> <p>1.4.4.1 Cisco Network Architecture 23</p> <p>1.4.4.2 CCNA 24</p> <p>1.4.4.3 Lab - Researching IT and Networking Job Opportunities 24</p> <p>1.5 Summary 24</p> <p>1.5.1 Conclusion 24</p> <p>1.5.1.1 Class Activity — Draw Your Concept of the Internet Now 24</p> <p>1.5.1.2 Warriors of the Net 25</p> <p>1.5.1.3 Exploring the Network 25</p> <p><strong>Chapter 2</strong> Configure a Network Operating System 27</p> <p>2.0 Introduction 27</p> <p>2.0.1.1 Configure a Network Operating System 27</p> <p>2.0.1.2 Class Activity - It Is Just an Operating System 27</p> <p>2.1 IOS Bootcamp 28</p> <p>2.1.1 Cisco IOS 28</p> <p>2.1.1.1 Operating Systems 28</p> <p>2.1.1.2 Purpose of OS 28</p> <p>2.1.2 Cisco IOS Access 29</p> <p>2.1.2.1 Access Methods 29</p> <p>2.1.2.2 Terminal Emulation Programs 29</p> <p>2.1.2.3 Activity - Accessing Devices 30</p> <p>2.1.3 Navigate the IOS 30</p> <p>2.1.3.1 Cisco IOS Modes of Operation 30</p> <p>2.1.3.2 Primary Command Modes 30</p> <p>2.1.3.3 Configuration Command Modes 30</p> <p>2.1.3.4 Navigate Between IOS Modes 31</p> <p>2.1.4 The Command Structure 32</p> <p>2.1.4.1 Basic IOS Command Structure 32</p> <p>2.1.4.2 IOS Command Syntax 32</p> <p>2.1.4.3 IOS Help Features 32</p> <p>2.1.4.4 Hotkeys and Shortcuts 33</p> <p>2.1.4.5 Video Demonstration — Hotkeys and Shortcuts 33</p> <p>2.1.4.6 Packet Tracer - Navigating the IOS 33</p> <p>2.1.4.7 Lab - Establishing a Console Session with Tera Term 33</p> <p>2.2 Basic Device Configuration 34</p> <p>2.2.1 Hostnames 34</p> <p>2.2.1.1 Device Names 34</p> <p>2.2.1.2 Configure Hostnames 34</p> <p>2.2.2 Limit Access to Device Configurations 35</p> <p>2.2.2.1 Secure Device Access 35</p> <p>2.2.2.2 Configure Passwords 35</p> <p>2.2.2.3 Encrypt Passwords 35</p> <p>2.2.2.4 Banner Messages 36</p> <p>2.2.2.5 Syntax Checker - Limiting Access to a Switch 36</p> <p>2.2.3 Save Configurations 36</p> <p>2.2.3.1 Save the Running Configuration File 36</p> <p>2.2.3.2 Alter the Running Configuration 37</p> <p>2.2.3.3 Capture Configuration to a Text File 37</p> <p>2.2.3.4 Packet Tracer - Configuring Initial Switch Settings 38</p> <p>2.3 Address Schemes 38</p> <p>2.3.1 Ports and Addresses 38</p> <p>2.3.1.1 IP Addresses 38</p> <p>2.3.1.2 Interfaces and Ports 39</p> <p>2.3.2 Configure IP Addressing 39</p> <p>2.3.2.1 Manual IP Address Configuration for End Devices 39</p> <p>2.3.2.2 Automatic IP Address Configuration for End Devices 40</p> <p>2.3.2.3 Switch Virtual Interface Configuration 40</p> <p>2.3.2.4 Syntax Checker - Configuring a Switch Virtual Interface 40</p> <p>2.3.2.5 Packet Tracer - Implementing Basic Connectivity 41</p> <p>2.3.3 Verifying Connectivity 41</p> <p>2.3.3.1 Interface Addressing Verification 41</p> <p>2.3.3.2 End-to-End Connectivity Test 41</p> <p>2.3.3.3 Lab - Building a Simple Network 41</p> <p>2.3.3.4 Lab - Configuring a Switch Management Address 41</p> <p>2.4 Summary 42</p> <p>2.4.1 Conclusion 42</p> <p>2.4.1.1 Class Activity - Tutor Me 42</p> <p>2.4.1.2 Packet Tracer - Skills Integration Challenge 42</p> <p>2.4.1.3 Configure a Network Operating System 42</p> <p><strong>Chapter 3</strong> Network Protocols and Communications 45</p> <p>3.0 Introduction 45</p> <p>3.0.1.1 Network Protocols and Communications 45</p> <p>3.0.1.2 Class Activity - Designing a Communications System 45</p> <p>3.1 Rules of Communication 46</p> <p>3.1.1 The Rules 46</p> <p>3.1.1.1 Communication Fundamentals 46</p> <p>3.1.1.2 Rule Establishment 46</p> <p>3.1.1.3 Message Encoding 47</p> <p>3.1.1.4 Message Formatting and Encapsulation 47</p> <p>3.1.1.5 Message Size 48</p> <p>3.1.1.6 Message Timing 48</p> <p>3.1.1.7 Message Delivery Options 49</p> <p>3.2 Network Protocols and Standards 49</p> <p>3.2.1 Protocols 49</p> <p>3.2.1.1 Rules that Govern Communications 49</p> <p>3.2.1.2 Network Protocols 50</p> <p>3.2.1.3 Protocol Interaction 50</p> <p>3.2.2 Protocol Suites 51</p> <p>3.2.2.1 Protocol Suites and Industry Standards 51</p> <p>3.2.2.2 Development of TCP/IP 51</p> <p>3.2.2.3 TCP/IP Protocol Suite 51</p> <p>3.2.2.4 TCP/IP Communication Process 52</p> <p>3.2.2.5 Activity - Mapping the Protocols of the TCP/IP Suite 52</p> <p>3.2.3 Standard Organizations 52</p> <p>3.2.3.1 Open Standards 52</p> <p>3.2.3.2 Internet Standards 53</p> <p>3.2.3.3 Electronics and Communications Standard Organizations 53</p> <p>3.2.3.4 Lab - Researching Networking Standards 54</p> <p>3.2.4 Reference Models 54</p> <p>3.2.4.1 The Benefits of Using a Layered Model 54</p> <p>3.2.4.2 The OSI Reference Model 55</p> <p>3.2.4.3 The TCP/IP Protocol Model 55</p> <p>3.2.4.4 OSI Model and TCP/IP Model Comparison 55</p> <p>3.2.4.5 Activity - Identify Layers and Functions 56</p> <p>3.2.4.6 Packet Tracer - Investigating the TCP/IP and OSI Models in Action 56</p> <p>3.3 Data Transfer in the Network 56</p> <p>3.3.1 Data Encapsulation 56</p> <p>3.3.1.1 Message Segmentation 56</p> <p>3.3.1.2 Protocol Data Units 57</p> <p>3.3.1.3 Encapsulation Example 57</p> <p>3.3.1.4 De-encapsulation 57</p> <p>3.3.1.5 Activity - Identify the PDU Layer 57</p> <p>3.3.2 Data Access 57</p> <p>3.3.2.1 Network Addresses 57</p> <p>3.3.2.2 Data Link Addresses 58</p> <p>3.3.2.3 Devices on the Same Network 58</p> <p>3.3.2.4 Devices on a Remote Network 59</p> <p>3.4 Summary 60</p> <p>3.4.1 Conclusion 60</p> <p>3.4.1.1 Lab - Installing Wireshark 60</p> <p>3.4.1.2 Lab - Using Wireshark to View Network Traffic 60</p> <p>3.4.1.3 Class Activity - Guaranteed to Work! 61</p> <p>3.4.1.4 Network Protocols and Communications 61</p> <p><strong>Chapter 4</strong> Network Access 63</p> <p>4.0 Introduction 63</p> <p>4.0.1.1 Network Access 63</p> <p>4.0.1.2 Class Activity — Managing the Medium 63</p> <p>4.1 Physical Layer Protocols 63</p> <p>4.1.1 Physical Layer Connection 63</p> <p>4.1.1.1 Types of Connections 63</p> <p>4.1.1.2 Network Interface Cards 64</p> <p>4.1.2 Purpose of the Physical Layer 65</p> <p>4.1.2.1 The Physical Layer 65</p> <p>4.1.2.2 Physical Layer Media 65</p> <p>4.1.2.3 Physical Layer Standards 65</p> <p>4.1.2.4 Lab - Identifying Network Devices and Cabling 66</p> <p>4.1.3 Physical Layer Characteristics 66</p> <p>4.1.3.1 Functions 66</p> <p>4.1.3.2 Bandwidth 67</p> <p>4.1.3.3 Throughput 68</p> <p>4.1.3.4 Types of Physical Media 68</p> <p>4.1.3.5 Activity - Physical Layer Terminology 68</p> <p>4.2 Network Media 69</p> <p>4.2.1 Copper Cabling 69</p> <p>4.2.1.1 Characteristics of Copper Cabling 69</p> <p>4.2.1.2 Copper Media 69</p> <p>4.2.1.3 Unshielded Twisted-Pair Cable 70</p> <p>4.2.1.4 Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable 70</p> <p>4.2.1.5 Coaxial Cable 70</p> <p>4.2.1.6 Copper Media Safety 71</p> <p>4.2.1.7 Activity - Copper Media Characteristics 71</p> <p>4.2.2 UTP Cabling 71</p> <p>4.2.2.1 Properties of UTP Cabling 71</p> <p>4.2.2.2 UTP Cabling Standards 72</p> <p>4.2.2.3 UTP Connectors 72</p> <p>4.2.2.4 Types of UTP Cable 73</p> <p>4.2.2.5 Testing UTP Cables 73</p> <p>4.2.2.6 Cable Pinouts 74</p> <p>4.2.2.7 Lab - Building an Ethernet Crossover Cable 74</p> <p>4.2.3 Fiber-Optic Cabling 74</p> <p>4.2.3.1 Properties of Fiber-Optic Cabling 74</p> <p>4.2.3.2 Fiber Media Cable Design 74</p> <p>4.2.3.3 Types of Fiber Media 75</p> <p>4.2.3.4 Fiber-Optic Connectors 75</p> <p>4.2.3.5 Testing Fiber Cables 76</p> <p>4.2.3.6 Fiber versus Copper 76</p> <p>4.2.3.7 Activity - Fiber Optics Terminology 76</p> <p>4.2.4 Wireless Media 76</p> <p>4.2.4.1 Properties of Wireless Media 76</p> <p>4.2.4.2 Types of Wireless Media 77</p> <p>4.2.4.3 Wireless LAN 78</p> <p>4.2.4.4 Packet Tracer — Connecting a Wired and Wireless LAN 78</p> <p>4.2.4.5 Lab - Viewing Wired and Wireless NIC Information 78</p> <p>4.3 Data Link Layer Protocols 78</p> <p>4.3.1 Purpose of the Data Link Layer 78</p> <p>4.3.1.1 The Data Link Layer 78</p> <p>4.3.1.2 Data Link Sublayers 79</p> <p>4.3.1.3 Media Access Control 79</p> <p>4.3.1.4 Providing Access to Media 80</p> <p>4.3.1.5 Data Link Layer Standards 80</p> <p>4.4 Media Access Control 81</p> <p>4.4.1 Topologies 81</p> <p>4.4.1.1 Controlling Access to the Media 81</p> <p>4.4.1.2 Physical and Logical Topologies 81</p> <p>4.4.2 WAN Topologies 82</p> <p>4.4.2.1 Common Physical WAN Topologies 82</p> <p>4.4.2.2 Physical Point-to-Point Topology 82</p> <p>4.4.2.3 Logical Point-to-Point Topology 82</p> <p>4.4.3 LAN Topologies 83</p> <p>4.4.3.1 Physical LAN Topologies 83</p> <p>4.4.3.2 Half and Full Duplex 83</p> <p>4.4.3.3 Media Access Control Methods 84</p> <p>4.4.3.4 Contention-Based Access — CSMA/CD 84</p> <p>4.4.3.5 Contention-Based Access — CSMA/CA 85</p> <p>4.4.4 Data Link Frame 85</p> <p>4.4.4.1 The Frame 85</p> <p>4.4.4.2 Frame Fields 85</p> <p>4.4.4.3 Activity — Generic Frame Fields 86</p> <p>4.4.4.4 Layer 2 Address 86</p> <p>4.4.4.5 LAN and WAN Frames 87</p> <p>4.5 Summary 88</p> <p>4.5.1 Conclusion 88</p> <p>4.5.1.1 Class Activity — Linked In! 88</p> <p>4.5.1.2 Network Access 88</p> <p><strong>Chapter 5</strong> Ethernet 91</p> <p>5.0 Introduction 91</p> <p>5.0.1.1 Ethernet 91</p> <p>5.0.1.2 Class Activity - Join My Social Circle! 91</p> <p>5.1 Ethernet Protocol 92</p> <p>5.1.1 Ethernet Frame 92</p> <p>5.1.1.1 Ethernet Encapsulation 92</p> <p>5.1.1.2 MAC Sublayer 93</p> <p>5.1.1.3 Ethernet Evolution 93</p> <p>5.1.1.4 Ethernet Frame Fields 94</p> <p>5.1.1.5 Activity - MAC and LLC Sublayers 94</p> <p>5.1.1.6 Activity - Ethernet Frame Fields 94</p> <p>5.1.1.7 Lab - Using Wireshark to Examine Ethernet Frames 94</p> <p>5.1.2 Ethernet MAC Addresses 94</p> <p>5.1.2.1 MAC Address and Hexadecimal 94</p> <p>5.1.2.2 MAC Address: Ethernet Identity 95</p> <p>5.1.2.3 Frame Processing 95</p> <p>5.1.2.4 MAC Address Representations 96</p> <p>5.1.2.5 Unicast MAC Address 96</p> <p>5.1.2.6 Broadcast MAC Address 97</p> <p>5.1.2.7 Multicast MAC Address 97</p> <p>5.1.2.8 Lab - Viewing Network Device MAC Addresses 97</p> <p>5.2 LAN Switches 98</p> <p>5.2.1 The MAC Address Table 98</p> <p>5.2.1.1 Switch Fundamentals 98</p> <p>5.2.1.2 Learning MAC Addresses 98</p> <p>5.2.1.3 Filtering Frames 99</p> <p>5.2.1.4 Video Demonstration - MAC Address Tables on Connected Switches 99</p> <p>5.2.1.5 Video Demonstration - Sending a Frame to the Default Gateway 99</p> <p>5.2.1.6 Activity - Switch It! 100</p> <p>5.2.1.7 Lab - Viewing the Switch MAC Address Table 100</p> <p>5.2.2 Switch Forwarding Methods 100</p> <p>5.2.2.1 Frame Forwarding Methods on Cisco Switches 100</p> <p>5.2.2.2 Cut-Through Switching 101</p> <p>5.2.2.3 Memory Buffering on Switches 101</p> <p>5.2.2.4 Activity - Frame Forwarding Methods 102</p> <p>5.2.3 Switch Port Settings 102</p> <p>5.2.3.1 Duplex and Speed Settings 102</p> <p>5.2.3.2 Auto-MDIX 103</p> <p>5.3 Address Resolution Protocol 103</p> <p>5.3.1 MAC and IP 103</p> <p>5.3.1.1 Destination on Same Network 103</p> <p>5.3.1.2 Destination Remote Network 104</p> <p>5.3.1.3 Packet Tracer — Identify MAC and IP Addresses 105</p> <p>5.3.2 ARP 105</p> <p>5.3.2.1 Introduction to ARP 105</p> <p>5.3.2.2 ARP Functions 105</p> <p>5.3.2.3 Video Demonstration — ARP Request 106</p> <p>5.3.2.4 Video Demonstration — AR</p>